1.How symbols get their meanings? 2.Searle argues:since symbols are not physical entities,they do not have any meaning:rather they are subject to varying interpretation by the brain.Hence the brain assigns meaning to what is represented by the symbol(the symbol is merely a referrent) but not the symbols themselevs. 3.Symbols might be useful for simulating the meaning of an entity,but they most certainly cannot replace the meaning,thus rendering the question of assigning semantics to the symbols moot. 4.Lumosity example to demo. that computer program is not attaching semantics to the symbols being displayed. Symbols:no semantic representation of the symbols. 1. --Language conveys idea:not just syntax--semantics associated. 2. --Kinds of signs:rep. of some idea or entity --sign interpreted by consious being --icon:object might not exist:abstract notions defined and hence grounded --index:wall with a bullet hole.idea of bullet formed by correlation --fire:direct attention by blind compulsion --symbol:cannot exist without interpreter.speech--if not listened to,no meaning 3. --Behaviorism. --Cognitism--what's happening inside the brain. --Symbol system---should have physical manifestation--syntactic system but attach meaning --Connectionism and neural nets...--can't interpret what the weights represent:weakness because of rigidity... --Syntactically correct systems might not be semantically relevant.. --Identification and discrimination:icon,category and symbols..... icon:ident.--training cat. rep.--discriminate b/w similar features G1+G2 can be grounded by virtue of G1 and G2. Build system that has icon and category built into it.What happens in the brain is the next quest. 4. --Hierarchichal rep.--symbols have double references:concept in mind and symbol-symbol.. Comp. model:simulated grounding Neural net--3 layered net..grounding associated with the weights:prior grounding of the input. same G1+G2 idea associated with the neural net.:expansion b/w categories and compression within category.--CP effect:categorical perception Mushroom word scenario:A eaten,B marked,A+B has to be returned..C and D ignored.. Genetic programming on the array of neural nets.Sensory motor toil.--200 gens. 200-210:half theft,half toil..--on A+B:::within 10 gens...thieves outnumbered the toilers.. --exponential increase in grounding through symbolic theft. Free will:is it a myth?If even the brain does not exercise free will,then computers certainly can think???